The two days AKTS-Training class usually starts at 8h00-8h30 (depending on the wishes of the participants) and finishes at 18h00. The AKTS-Training class consists in one hour presentation of AKTS-Thermokinetics software followed by about 30 kinetic analyses of 4-6 DSC/C-80 curves starting from simple curves to complex multistage overlapped reactions (first day: 10-15 exercises, second day: 15-20 exercises). The intensive training provides a balance between theory and practical applications through the exercises. For each exercise the participants have to construct the baseline on the DSC signals and after baseline optimization and determination of the kinetics the following types of questions have to be answered:
- What is the activation energy of the reaction as a function of the reaction progress?
- At which temperature there is a conversion of 50% after 2 days?
- What is the reaction progress at 25ˇăc and at 25ˇăc + - 10ˇăc after 1 year?
- At each temperature, what is the Time To Maximum Rate under adiabatic conditions TMRad?
- Construction of a safety diagram: runaway time as a function of process temperature under adiabatic conditions (TMRad = f(T)).
- Based on the safety diagram TMRad=f(T): what temperature leads to a TMRad of 24h? of 8h?
- What is the critical radius of a container for a hot discharge temperature corresponding to a TMRad of 24h?
- What is the Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) according to the recommendations of Manual of Tests and Criteria of the United Nations on the transport of dangerous goods?
For the AKTS-Training, a class room with one computer per participant is requested (or the participants can use their own laptops). This is important because each participant will have to perform individually all kinetic analyses and exercises during that intensive day. Problem definition, baseline constructions, kinetics and results visualisation and interpretation for the prediction of the thermal stability and runaway are covered in details.
Possible AKTS-Training Languages: English, German, French and Chinese.
Summary of the training class :
1. Baseline determination and kinetics
1.1 Definitions
1.2 Kinetics overview - isoconversional methods: - Friedman - Ozawa - ASTM A698
1.3 Baseline determination and initialization
1.4 AKTS' methods: Computation of kinetics and baseline optimization
1.5 Prediction of the reaction progress under any temperature modes: - isothermal, non-isothermal - stepwise - modulated temperature or periodic temperature variations - rapid temperature increase (temperature shock) - real atmospheric temperature profiles (climates) - STANAG 2895 - customized temperature profiles
1.6 Confidence interval of the predictions
1.7 Exercises: AKTS-Thermokinetics Software - Thermal Ageing version
2. Thermal risk
2.1 Kinetics and adiabatic conditions (Time To Maximum Rate under adiabatic conditions - TMRad, ARC phi=1 and phi>1, heat rate curves, thermal stability diagram under adiab. conditions)
2.2 Exercises: AKTS-Thermokinetics - Thermal Safety version
2.3 Kinetics and non-adiabatic conditions (Finite Element Methods)
2.4 Heat accumulation, thermal runaway
2.5 Exercises : AKTS-Thermokinetics - Thermal Safety version
3. Case study and risk analysis
3.1 Thermal runaway scenario
3.2 Gravity
3.3 Probability
3.4 Thermal stability diagram under non-adiabatic conditions: Determination of the critical parameters : radius, insulation, surrounding temperature, hot discharge temperature, SADT, fire radiation & convection according to EN1991-1-2/2002
3.5 Thermal security, storage and transport
3.6 Exercises : AKTS-Thermokinetics - Thermal Safety version
4. Remarks and conclusions
